Mode with Auto Regeneration selected and while using the HVAC in Eco mode. Tested on AMCI Testing’s “City/Highway Commute Cycle” route on public roads in and around Southern California, the results were calculated by averaging the vehicle’s performance over five test cycles. Porsche asked AMCI Testing to conduct independent tests to evaluate the range of the Taycan, Taycan 4S, Taycan Turbo and Taycan Turbo S to help customers make more informed decisions. These range estimates provide guidelines but the distance you can drive (range) varies considerably based on a number of factors, such as driving conditions and traffic situation (e.g., stop-and-go driving or highway driving), personal driving habits and selected driving mode (e.g., Sport), speed, topography, use of comfort/auxiliary equipment (e.g., air conditioning, heat, etc.), optional equipment (e.g., wheels and tires), weather, outside temperature, number of passengers, cargo, age of vehicle and the battery, battery capacity, and charging habits. The EPA range estimates enable comparison to other electric vehicles. With recuperation braking from 200km/h to 0, electrical energy can be recovered for a range of up to 4km. Or to be more precise: during sporty, everyday driving, for example, you could achieve up to a third of your range exclusively from recuperation. So you significantly improve your car's stopping power and the maximum possible amount of kinetic energy is transformed into additional miles of driving pleasure: with an outstanding recuperation output of up to 275kW, energy can be fed back into the battery. This means that brake recuperation is first activated via the brake pedal and the mechanical brake is only engaged when stronger braking is required – intelligently controlled by a braking system that is capable of blending. Level can be adjusted to suit your own preferences, while the brake recuperation always ensures maximum efficiency. The system works innovatively and can recuperate up to 90% of the braking energy. An outlook on future directions of hydrogel-based 3D printing is presented.For brake energy recuperation in all Taycan models, Porsche developed Porsche Recuperation Management (PRM), which consists of sophisticated brake recuperation. Incomparable by thermoplastics, thermosets, ceramics and metals, hydrogel-based 3D printing is playing a pivotal role in the design and creation of advanced functional (bio)systems in a customizable way. The representative biomedical applications selected demonstrate how hydrogel-based 3D printing is being exploited in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, cancer research, in vitro disease modeling, high-throughput drug screening, surgical preparation, soft robotics and flexible wearable electronics. The range of hydrogel-forming polymers covered encompasses biopolymers, synthetic polymers, polymer blends, nanocomposites, functional polymers, and cell-laden systems. It provides a comprehensive overview and discussion of the tailorability of material, mechanical, physical, chemical and biological properties of hydrogels to enable advanced hydrogel designs for 3D printing. It covers 3D printing techniques including laser printing (stereolithography, two-photon polymerization), extrusion printing (3D plotting, direct ink writing), inkjet printing, 3D bioprinting, 4D printing and 4D bioprinting. Because hydrogels are one of the most feasible classes of ink materials for 3D printing and this field has been rapidly advancing, this Review focuses on hydrogel designs and development of advanced hydrogel-based biomaterial inks and bioinks for 3D printing.
Since the incipiency, significant advancements have been achieved in understanding the process of 3D printing and the relationship of component, structure, property and application of the created objects. 3D printing alias additive manufacturing can transform 3D virtual models created by computer-aided design (CAD) into physical 3D objects in a layer-by-layer manner dispensing with conventional molding or machining.
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